The Biological Oxidation (BIOX®) Process for the treatment of refractory gold ores was commercialized in 1988. During the last decade, the technology has developed into a mature, commercially viable process, with five additional operations commissioned, including operations at Sao Bento in Brazil, Harbour Lights and Wiluna in …
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Pressure oxidation is a widely accepted method to treat refractory gold ores. Gold recovery is generally lower from alkaline than acidic pressure oxidation discharge due to passivation and incomplete oxidation of mineral. Gold ore from Goldstrike, NV, is a typical refractory gold ore containing sulfide and carbonaceous matter. Alkaline …
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The main three options for the treatment of refractory ores and concentrates include the traditional oxidation roasting, the modern pressure oxidation and the …
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Treatment of the sulphide ore involves gravity separation, flotation, and cyanide ... A large refractory gold orebody (RGO) containing arsenopyrite was discovered in ... The RGO ores have gone through multiple technologies over the years due to
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SYNOPSIS Methods for treating and processing refractory gold ores are well established. However, what is less well understood is how the formation of the gold-bearing deposits affects gold ...
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This has a significant effect on the environmental footprint of gold production as refractory ores cannot be easily treated by simple cyanidation treatment. In refractory ores, gold is typically encapsulated inside a sulfide matrix (pyrite, arsenopyrite) that must be decomposed to liberate the gold for leaching (Marsden and House Citation 2005).
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options for treating more complex orebodies as the less refractory ores become depleted. Demonstration of economic treatment options allows gold companies to maintain and increase their ore reserves. Refractory gold ores are those that do not yield high gold recoveries in conventional cyanide-
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The depletion of high grade and easily extractable gold ores has inspired development of innovative approaches for sustainable beneficiation of complex (refractory) gold ores. A …
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This study was undertaken to evaluate the nitric acid leaching as a potential pre-treatment process prior to cyanidation of refractory gold/silver ores. The nitric acid pre-treatment experiments ...
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Refractory gold reserves, which require more sophisticated treatment methods in order to achieve oxide-ore recovery rates, correspond to 24 percent of current gold reserves and 22 percent of gold resources worldwide (Exhibit 1). Despite offering a …
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Gold flotation is widely used in the case of refractory ores, in which small-sized gold particles, locked within sulfide minerals, ... Chemical and physical pre-treatment. Each refractory gold ore has distinctive mineralogical characteristics, which presents unique challenges during metallurgical processing. ...
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Au-refractory ores, in most cases, contain elevated concentrations of arsenic, mainly with the form of arsenian pyrite (FeS 2), arsenopyrite (FeAsS), realgar (As 4 S 4), and orpiment (As 2 S 3). The entire metallurgical route of refractory ores is shown in Figure 1, while the impact of each step on arsenic exposure is described below.
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The treatment of refractory gold ores has been a major challenge in China's Gold Industry for the past two decades. The low gold extraction recovery and high operating cost by conventional ...
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Problem ores that yield low (say less than 80%) gold recovery by cyanidation when “normally ground” are defined as refractory. The term, as well as the …
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Request PDF | Treatment of pyritic matrix gold–silver refractory ores by ozonization–cyanidation | Most of the gold and silver produced worldwide are extracted by the cyanidation process. The ...
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With the rising focus on the development of complex refractory ores, one of the major environmental challenges has been in the treatment and processing of arsenic-bearing minerals. An increasingly ...
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The bacterial oxidation (BIOX) process for the pre-treatment of refractory ores for gold recovery was developed by the Genmin Process Research laboratory.
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2.1 Microwave pre- treatment of refractory gold ores . Most of refractory gold occurs within sulphide minerals such as FeS 2 and FeAsS and are treated by roasting, pressure leaching or bacterial leaching to render the gold amenable to recovery by subsequent treatment techniques (Haque, 1987).
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The main three options for the treatment of refractory ores and concentrates include the traditional oxidation roasting, the modern pressure oxidation and the bacterial oxidation which is still at an advanced experimental stage.
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The BIOX ® process for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates has been in commercial operation for 35 years following the commissioning of the first commercial installation at the Fairview Gold Mine in 1986. The process has been proven to operate successfully over a wide range of concentrate feed grades and mineralogies, …
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With the evolving landscape of gold mineral resource development and utilization, the easily treatable gold resources are continuously decreasing, while refractory gold minerals are becoming the most important resources in the field of gold extraction. In these original ores, most of the gold is encapsulated in the lattice of pyrite and …
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The use of thiosulfate to extract gold from refractory ores is promising because of its non-toxicity and high selectivity. Sulfide minerals (i.e., pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite), major gold carriers in refractory gold ores, however, hinder gold extraction due to the high consumption of a lixiviant. In this study, a new method to improve gold …
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ABSTRACT With the rising focus on the development of complex refractory ores, one of the major environmental challenges has been in the treatment and processing of arsenic-bearing minerals.
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However, the treatment of so-called refractory gold ores using cyanidation is problematic and new solutions are needed due to the constant depletion of easy-to-treat gold ores [1,3]. ...
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The Role of Oxygen in Cyanide Leaching of Gold Ore, CIM Bulletin 85963, pp. 31–38]. These refractory ores are usually pretreated by some oxidizing process after which gold and silver can be recovered by standard cyanidation process. Since ozone gas (O 3) is a strong oxidizing, it may be regarded as a promising alternative in the …
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With the evolving landscape of gold mineral resource development and utilization, the easily treatable gold resources are continuously decreasing, while …
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From data already available, it is apparent that treating refractory ores can be successful in terms of increased gold recovery, but at high costs. What is also apparent is that tremendous variation exists between refractory ores, making generalistic statements about best process options meaningless.
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This paper deals with the effect of the addition of lead nitrate and ultra-fine grinding on the cyanidation of an antimonial refractory gold and silver ore.
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Problem ores that yield low (say less than 80%) gold recovery by cyanidation when "normally ground" are defined as refractory. The term, as well as the technical methods used to treat such ores, are relatively new. Rose and Newman's very comprehensive book, The Metallurgy of Gold, does not even contain the term refractory in its latest, fourth …
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This paper details the operation of the ultra fine grinding process at KCGM as a non oxidative treatment for the extraction of gold from a refractory ores. Since early 2001, Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines (KCGM) has successfully operated an ultra fine grinding (UFG) circuit to supplement its roaster capacity for the treatment of the ...
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